What does the future perfect tense indicate?

The future perfect tense is used to express an action that will be completed before a specific point in the future or before another future event occurs. This tense is formed using "will have" followed by the past participle of the verb. For example, in the sentence "By next year, I will have graduated," the use of "will have graduated" indicates that the graduation will be completed before the point of reference in the future (next year). Understanding this aspect of the future perfect tense is crucial when conveying timelines and sequences of actions in writing.