What tense describes actions that have not yet occurred but will?

The future perfect tense describes actions that are expected to occur in the future and will be completed by a certain point in time. This tense emphasizes that an action will have been completed before another future action or timeframe. For instance, in a sentence like "By next year, I will have graduated," the action of graduating has not yet happened but will be complete by the specified future time.

In contrast, the simple present tense refers to actions that are habitual or universal, the simple past tense indicates actions that have already occurred, and the present perfect tense describes actions that occurred at some indefinite time in the past or that started in the past and continue to the present. Thus, only the future perfect clearly indicates actions that have not yet taken place but will be completed in the future.