Which form of participle ends in -ed or -ing?

The form of participle that ends in -ed or -ing refers specifically to what is commonly known as present participles and past participles. Present participles are formed by adding -ing to the base form of a verb (e.g., "running," "swimming"), while past participles often end in -ed for regular verbs (e.g., "walked," "talked").

Understanding these forms is essential in identifying how participles function in different contexts, such as forming verb tenses, acting as adjectives, or forming clauses. The other options address different grammatical structures that do not pertain specifically to the definition of participles ending in -ed or -ing, thus highlighting the unique characteristics of participles within English grammar.